Trade indicators

Note: This index measures the importance of international trade in goods relative to the domestic economic output of an economy. Exports are given equal weight to imports.
How important is trade for economies?
In 2021, Hong Kong SARSpecial Administrative Region remained the most open economy to international trade, as indicated by the trade openness index of 182 per cent. Singapore (115 per cent), Viet Nam (115 cent), and Djibouti (100 per cent) ranked second, third and fourth. The index stood at 17 and 16 per cent respectively in China and India. Japan and the United States of America recorded an index score of 15 per cent or below. Iran is identified as the least open economy (5 per cent).
How did the relative price of exports to imports develop?
Note: This index indicates how much the relative price between exports and imports has changed in relation to the base year.
How concentrated is global product supply?
Note: This index measures the extent to which a high proportion of exports is delivered by a small number of economies. It has a value of 1 if all exports originate from a single economy.
How concentrated was the structure of exports?
Note: This index measures the extent to which a large share of exports is accounted for by a small number of product groups. The index has a value of 1 when an economy exports only one group of products and a value of 0 if all product groups are equally represented.
Concepts and definitions
This section presents different indices that can be used to analyze trade flows and trade patterns over time from the perspective of, for example, relative competitiveness, structure of global exports and imports markets, or the importance of trade for the economy, both for individual economies and for groups of economies.
For information on how the indices in this section are calculated, see on the Calculation methods page. The presented indices are a subset of the trade indices available at UNCTADstat -—
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Summary tables
References
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